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THE PROVINCE OF LUANDA
THE ISLAND - Luanda during the day is mostly a working city. However, the Atlantic Coast is showing progressively signs of the past: there is a lot of fish, the level of iodine favours sunbathing, the sand is white and the water is warm. Besides this, some esplanades complete the pleasure. At the end of the day again in the Island, one should not lose the sunset really outstanding. The "Trapalhões" should also be visited for being a real African shopping centre and for its most popular and charismatic restaurant in the city. Its inhabitants are called Axiluanda (people from Luanda). The Axiluanda consider themselves as pure “caluandas” since the rest of the population is “caluanda” of other origins. They are fishermen and keep a strong cultural identity that becomes evident in big cultural shows like Carnival or their day-to-day life.
INTRODUCTION TO LUANDA OF TODAY - One should not forget that Luanda went through several critical situations in the last two decades such as urban war, the migration of technicians, the invasion of the city by rural population and the consequent collapse of infrastructures. Today Luanda is recovering quite well and the first buildings post independence built with every detail, are finally in the market.
HOTELS, RESTAURANTS AND NIGHT LIFE - Luanda has a group of quite good hotels. Here are the best: Meridien Presidente, Tivoli, Tropico (Esta), Continental, Panorama and Costa do Sol. A strong cooking tradition, great number of good cookers, good variety and quality of fish and shellfish, good meat, strong spices and a lot of restaurants make of Luanda a place where eating is a pleasure. One should try some restaurants such as Farol Velho, Bordão, Roger’s Grill and Cafago in the Island; “Chinese” in Chicala; Clube dos Empresários, Pinto’s, Zero and Tamarindo in Downtown; Cine Loanda, a little further and Arco-Iris in front the quay to Mussulo. There are also the hotels’ good restaurants such as the Presidente, Tivoli, Tropico and Continental.
Night Life was always intense in Luanda. Today that tendency becomes stronger:
discos, nightclubs, American bars, pubs, esplanades, etc…
New projects became real every month.
The beat of the music, the sensuality of the dance, the temperature of the air,
the good shellfish, the cold drink together with the experts on having fun give
to the nights of Luanda a very special strength.
Everything shows that at last in times of peace, Luanda is preparing to be in
the continent the Queen of Night.
WALKING, CURIOSITIES AND
SPORTS -
Walking through Downtown takes us to travel through the city’s history, there
where everything began.
Besides the mentioned
monuments, there is also the National Bank of Angola building – the most amazing
example of colonial arquitecture.
CARNIVAL - The written proof of the tradition of dancing Carnival in Luanda is dated from the middle of last Century but perhaps a bit older.Carnival as an European origin and ended up taking root in the Caluanda customs and is today the most important cultural event. There is a parade in Marginal avenue that is the official climax of Carnival. The groups are mainly formed in neighbourhoods outside the city according to a certain territory criteria. The most famous groups love “semba or varina” and are basically Axiluanda. One can say that “musseque” makes Carnival in the streets. During 3 or 4 days Luanda lives to the rhythm of Carnival and nothing more. The city climate changes with so many people in the streets at unusual hours and there are may squares with loose music and dances and parties through the yards. MEANS OF TRANSPORT - The 4 de Fevereiro airport dominates all the air traffic, very intense since all inter-regions circulation of cargo and passengers is still made by air. Now, it is easy and cheap to travel in Angola if logistic is good. The rental of little planes, cargos and helis is also made without great difficulties. One must pay attention to the lack of official individual taxis as well as rent-a-car desks airport. There are some rent-a-car operators, Avis and Equador being the best. One advises a previous reservation since the number of cars is inferior than demand. One also advises the foreign citizen to travel with a driver that knows well the tricks of the city avoiding big losses of time. It is interesting to refer the popular taxi – the Candongueiro – where you pay always the same wherever you go. In fact, many kinds of vehicles are used for this purposal that appeared in time of crisis – a popular solution for the problem of transportation. As far as the harbour of Luanda is concerned, it is going through a plan of reorientation since facilities are being improved and operative efficacy has increased.
He had a shelteres port in an excellent spot very close to the river Cuanza, the route to the mines. Whem the dream of silver was over, the place became the departure point of the Kuata! Kuata! wars to capture slaves and the assembly and loading point for the slave ships bound for Brazil. The Cathedral was construsted in 1583, followed ten years later by the Jesuit Church and in 1604 by the Monastery of São José. In 1605, the Governor, Manuel Cerveira Pereira, conferred the status of city on the settlement of São Paulo, making Luanda the first city to be founded by Europeans on the west coast of sub-Saharan Africa. Between 1641 and 1648, the city was occupied by the Dutch, from whom it was retaken by troops commanded by Salvador Correa de Sá on 15 August 1648, the Feast of the Assumption of the Virgin. Henceforth the city was known as São Paulo da Assunção, the name being changed from São Paulo de Loanda by Correa de Sá to avoid the unfortunate similarity to the name of Holland. On 6 August 1650, the Senate of the Council Chamber granted a large area of territory to Salvador Correa de Sá in recognition of his military achievements. Work began on laying out the lower part of the city, where the present Cathedral was built in the following year. The importance of the Luanda-Baia route has led some historians to call the seventeenth century "the cycle of Brazil"; the supply of slaves to the Brazilian plantations was the main reason for the connection. A harsh climate, a poorly designed city; and an ill-assorted population chiefly made of up criminals and degenerates, all made the city unattractive to European settlers. There was an enormous disparity between sexes, which led to the most racially mixed society in the whole of Africa, a blend of races, customs and cultures that gave the city's population a unique character that has survived and strengthened over the years. This character is strong enough to impose itself even on outsiders. By the end of the
seventeenth century, Luanda was a small town made up of an upper part, the
Cidade Alta where colonial power, the Church, and the bourgeoisie were based,
and a lower zone which began in the present-day district of Coqueiros, where a
population of ruffians and traders lived mainly from the slave trade. Power and wealth were
measured chiefly by numbers of slaves; a petit bourgeois owned on average
fifty shaves, while the aristocracy would frequently have several thousand.
Finally, on 2 March 1889, 313 years after the city's foundation, Governor-General Brito Capelo opened the sluice-gates and allowed the water of the Bengo to flow along an aqueduct to Luanda. The population of Luanda was chiefly concentrated between the sea and the Cidade Alta. Its roads were of sand, without pavements were carried by slaves, who frequently stopped in the middle of road to rest. This situation continued right up to the end of the nineteenth century, when the city's streets were finally paved. "All those with discerning judgement note the improvements that have been carried out. Two years ago there were but two public carriages, while now there are many more, for the animals that pulled them used to die of exhaustion on the sandy tracks. This improvement is a result of the great steps taken by the Council Chamber to pave all the streets, squares and lanes. Today we no longer find so many palanquin -carriers lying on the road, as they used to do ono the pleasantly soft sand; now the surface is harder and less comfortable, and the greater number of carriages increases the risk of their being run over" The unique characteristics of Luanda compared to other African cities led to the bestowal of such epithets as "The Paris of Africa", as it was affectionately called in the 1872 Report of the National Ultramarine Bank, and "Capital of the Ultramarine Princess", as it was known locally in the eighteenth century.
The city's coastal setting, its bay and spectacular views aroused great plans for the capital's development. It had an irregular topography, predominantly of red sand (the musseques) that crumbled into unstable gullies. Large-scale infrastructural work was required to support the considerable development being planned for the city. Nevertheless, streets and neighbourhoods sprang up without the slightest overall plan or geometric design. The resulting difficulties were such that it was impossible to find a contractor able to get a suitable transport system working in Luanda. In 1891, together with the last of the palanquins and a number of animal-drawn carts, there was just one "Ripert carriage" that plied betweem the high and te low parts of the city every three hours. In the first half of the nineteenth century, as the slave trade diminished, there was a significant increase in other trade. In the 1851 Customs records for exports, a great variety of products can be seen: cotton, ginguba oil, palm oil, coffee, lime, wax, leather, copal, cassava flour, and others. After the abolition of slavery, the clusters of native huts on the musseques (red sands) underwent considerable development. They grew without any urban planning and without a trace of infrastructure. In them, negroes from the interior came together with those forced out of the center of the city, which was increasingly being taken over by the ruling classes. Within a few years, the musseques constituted a city of blacks inside the city of the whites. Popular culture, traditions and values were maintained and thrived there, rapidly leading to the awakenig of a nationalist spirit and the creation of various associations that later became part of the emancipation movement. The foundations of independence were laid in the musseques. At the turn of the century, Luanda was experiencing a new dynamism. New transport links with the interior appeared, by road and rail, that led to increases in trade and exports and the establishment of new factories.
Luanda had become an important commercial hub and the main
urban centre of a thriving colony. The end of the slave trade and the
introduction of a well-designed education system, without significant
discrimination, brougth its inhabitants closer together. A new mentality began
to emerge.
News: ANGOLA: INDUSTRY MINISTER
VISITS FACTORIES IN LUANDA
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